|
|death_place = Montreal, Quebec |restingplace = Saint-Rémi Cemetery, Saint-Rémi, Quebec |birth_name = Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau |party = Liberal |spouse = Margaret Trudeau (1971–1984, separated in 1977) |parents = |children = |alma_mater = |occupation = |profession = |religion = Roman Catholicism |signature = Pierre Trudeau Signature 2.svg | allegiance = | branch = Canadian Army Reserve | serviceyears = 1943–1945 | rank = 10px Officer Cadet }} Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau, (; (:tʁydo); October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was a Canadian politician who served as the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968, to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980, to June 30, 1984. Trudeau began his political career as a lawyer, intellectual, and activist in Quebec politics. In the 1960s he entered federal politics by joining the Liberal Party of Canada. He was appointed as Lester B. Pearson's Parliamentary Secretary and later became his Minister of Justice. Trudeau became a media sensation, inspiring "Trudeaumania", and took charge of the Liberals in 1968. From the late 1960s until the mid-1980s, his personality dominated the political scene to an extent never before seen in Canadian political life, arousing passionate and polarizing reactions throughout Canada. "Reason before passion" was his personal motto. He retired from politics in 1984, and John Turner succeeded him as Prime Minister. His eldest son, Justin Trudeau, is currently serving as the 23rd Prime Minister as a result of the 2015 federal election. Admirers praise the force of Trudeau's intellect and salute his political acumen in preserving national unity against the Quebec sovereignty movement, suppressing a violent revolt, fostering a pan-Canadian identity, and in achieving sweeping institutional reform, including the implementation of official bilingualism, patriation of the Constitution, and the establishment of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Critics accuse him of arrogance, of economic mismanagement, and of unduly centralizing Canadian decision-making to the detriment of Quebec's culture and the economy of the Prairies. While public opinion of him remains divided, scholars consistently rank him as one of the greatest Canadian prime ministers and even regard Trudeau as the "father of modern Canada." ==Early life== The Trudeau family can be traced back to Marcillac-Lanville, France in the 16th century and to a Robert Truteau (1544-1589).〔(【引用サイトリンク】Robert Truteau )〕 The first Trudeau to arrive in Canada was Etienne Trudeau or Truteau (1641–1712), a carpenter and home builder, in 1659. Pierre Trudeau was born assisted by a midwife at home at 5773 Durocher Avenue, Outremont, Montreal on October 18, 1919, to Charles-Émile "Charley" Trudeau, a French-Canadian businessman and lawyer, and Grace Elliott, who was of mixed French and Scottish descent. He had an older sister named Suzette and a younger brother named Charles Jr.; he remained close to both siblings for his entire life. The family had become quite wealthy by the time Trudeau was in his teens, as his father sold his prosperous gas station business to Imperial Oil. Trudeau attended the prestigious Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf (a private French Jesuit school), where he supported Quebec nationalism. Trudeau's father died when Pierre was in his mid-teens. This death hit him and the family very hard emotionally. Pierre remained very close to his mother for the rest of her life. According to long-time friend and colleague Marc Lalonde, the clerically influenced dictatorships of António de Oliveira Salazar in Portugal (the Estado Novo), Francisco Franco in Spain (the Spanish State), and Marshal Philippe Pétain in Vichy France were seen as political role models by many youngsters educated at elite Jesuit schools in Quebec. Lalonde asserts that Trudeau's later intellectual development as an "intellectual rebel, anti-establishment fighter on behalf of unions and promoter of religious freedom" came from his experiences after leaving Quebec to study in the United States, France and England, and to travel to dozens of countries. His international experiences allowed him to break from Jesuit influence and study French progressive Catholic philosophers such as Jacques Maritain and Emmanuel Mounier as well as John Locke and David Hume. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pierre Trudeau」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|
